Workplace Ergonomic Contributing Factors

Workplace Ergonomic Contributing Factors

Contributing factors are aspects of work tasks which can lead to fatigue, musculoskeletal disorder (MSD) symptoms and injuries, or other types of problems. These factors may be present in one or more of the tasks employees must perform to accomplish their jobs. The contributing factors you and your employees should be aware of include:

• Awkward postures

• Repetitive motions

• Forceful exertions

• Pressure points (e.g., local contact stress)

• Vibration

Awkward Postures

 

Posture affects which muscle groups are active during physical activity. Awkward postures can make work tasks more physically demanding, by increasing the exertion required from smaller muscle groups, and preventing the stronger, larger muscle groups from working at maximum efficiencies. The increased exertion from the weaker, smaller muscle groups impairs blood flow and increases the rate of fatigue. Awkward postures typically include repeated or prolonged reaching, twisting, bending, working overhead, kneeling, squatting, and holding fixed positions or pinch grips. They may affect various areas of the body such as the hands, wrists, arms, shoulders, neck, back, and knees. The effects of awkward postures are worse if work tasks also involve repetitive motions or forceful exertions. Awkward postures may be caused by using poorly designed or arranged workstations, tools, and equipment and poor work practices.

 

Work too low—bending, reaching, and twisting

Work too far away— extended reach

Lack of access or clearance—bending and awkward upper body posture

Pressure Points (local contact stress)

 

Pressure points result from the body pressing against hard or sharp surfaces. Certain areas of the body are more susceptible because nerves, tendons, and blood vessels are close to the skin and underlying bones. These areas include the sides of the fingers, palms, wrists and forearms, elbows, and the knees.

 

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